The Atlas of Online Harassment - Revision history

Dalia2 at 09:55, 15 November 2016

2016-11-15T09:55:56Z

Dalia2: /* And Now What? */

2016-09-27T10:21:03Z

‎And Now What?

Dalia2: /* Reclaiming Online Spaces */

2016-09-27T10:13:06Z

‎Reclaiming Online Spaces

Dalia2: /* Online Harassment */

2016-09-27T10:05:55Z

‎Online Harassment

Dalia2 at 12:49, 8 August 2016

2016-08-08T12:49:01Z

Dalia2: /* And Now What? */

2016-08-03T10:47:47Z

‎And Now What?

Dalia2: /* And Now What? */

2016-08-03T10:46:57Z

‎And Now What?

Dalia2: /* And Now What? */

2016-08-03T10:14:55Z

‎And Now What?

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2016-08-03T10:04:29Z

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Dalia2 at 14:14, 2 August 2016

2016-08-02T14:14:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:55, 15 November 2016
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	=== Links ===		=== Links ===
−	~~[[Category:How_To]]~~

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:21, 27 September 2016
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	It is crucial for anti-harassment initiatives and women rights defenders to build more universal and agreed upon definitions regarding online harassment, stalking, and misogyny that can be used as the basis of any legal and policy recommendations; but also used to raise awareness of gendered online harassment in mainstream media.		It is crucial for anti-harassment initiatives and women rights defenders to build more universal and agreed upon definitions regarding online harassment, stalking, and misogyny that can be used as the basis of any legal and policy recommendations; but also used to raise awareness of gendered online harassment in mainstream media.

−	In our search for a more universal definition of online harassment we started to explore the issue from different lenses. With Sarah Joeng's taxonomy of online harassment in mind (see The Atlas of Speech), we acknowledge that online harassment is not just limited to content or merely threats, but is also a behavioral one, one that can also be seen as a violation of a woman's consent ~~and~~ privacy. Doxing and revenge porn are both direct examples those violations, when a woman's private information or nude images are exposed online for the public to see without her consent, we come to view this as a privacy and consent issue as well. To Jennifer Lawerence her nude images constituted a 'sex crime'<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/oct/07/jennifer-lawrence-nude-photo-hack-sex-crime </ref>, it no longer became about receiving threats or being stalked online, but evolved into issues around consent and privacy. The question then becomes how do we combat harassment when it is about a violation of consent and privacy? How can we ensure that women's privacy is upheld in the data society that we live in?	+	In our search for a more universal definition of online harassment we started to explore the issue from different lenses. With Sarah Joeng's taxonomy of online harassment in mind (see The Atlas of Speech), we acknowledge that online harassment is not just limited to content or merely threats, but is also a behavioral one, one that can also be seen as a violation of a woman's consent, privacy, security and emotional well-being. Doxing and revenge porn are both direct examples those violations, when a woman's private information or nude images are exposed online for the public to see without her consent, we come to view this as a privacy and consent issue as well. To Jennifer Lawerence her nude images constituted a 'sex crime'<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/oct/07/jennifer-lawrence-nude-photo-hack-sex-crime </ref>, it no longer became about receiving threats or being stalked online, but evolved into issues around consent and privacy. The question then becomes how do we combat harassment when it is about a violation of consent and privacy? How can we ensure that women's privacy is upheld in the data society that we live in?

@@ Line 350: / Line 350: @@
 	Over the years many projects, campaigns and tools have emerged to help women combat online harassment and misogyny. We wanted to dedicate a section towards the different initiatives from across the globe and highlight some projects that were started by women who had faced harassment. This section offers a starting point for us to further explore the field, what has been done, what is missing and what their impact is on other women.
-At the moment the initiatives feature projects, campaigns, tools, research projects and guides.
+At the moment the initiatives feature projects, campaigns, tools, research projects and guides are provided in the table available in the link below.
 [[:File:The Atlas of Online Harassment-Reclaiming the Online Space.ods]]

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 There are very few documented cases in the media linked to sextortion although according to the study conducted by the Center for Technology Innovation at Brookings it is quite common based on a number of cases they reviewed<ref>http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Research/Files/Reports/2016/05/sextortion/sextortion1.pdf?la=en</ref>. Their definition of Sextortion is the following: “ is old-fashioned extortion or blackmail, carried out over a computer network, involving some threat—generally but not always a threat to release sexually-explicit images of the victim—if the victim does not engage in some form of further sexual activity.”
-Sextortion along with Revenge Porn can be extremely destructive tactics to women, particularly in countries where sexualizing a person is taboo.
+Sextortion along with Revenge Porn can be extremely destructive tactics to women, particularly in areas where sexualizing a person is taboo.
 '''Swatting'''

@@ Line 508: / Line 508: @@
 * Marlisse Silver Sweeney, “[http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/11/what-the-law-can-and-cant-do-about-online-harassment/382638/ What the Law Can (and Can't) Do About Online Harassment]” (The Atlantic)
 * Mathias Schwartz: “[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/03/magazine/03trolls-t.html?_r=0 The Trolls Amoung US]” (New York Times)
 * Nathan J. Matias et all: “[[metawikimedia:Research:Online_harassment_resource_guide|Online Harassment: A Resource Guide]]” (Wiki)
 * Soraya Chemaly, “[http://wmcspeechproject.com/2016/02/11/10-must-read-books-about-online-harassment-and-free-speech/ Ten must read books about online harassment and free speech]” (Women's Media Center)

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:47, 3 August 2016
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−
−
−
−	~~1Citron,~~
−	~~Danielle, “The Changing Attitudes Towards Cyber Gender Harassment:~~
−	~~Anonymous as a Guide?”, accessed June 28<sup>th</sup>,~~
−	~~<nowiki>http://www.forbes.com/sites/daniellecitron/2014/04/27/the-changing-attitudes-towards-cyber-gender-harassment-anonymous-as-a-guide/#4b68f59554b1</nowiki>~~
−
−	~~2Laville,~~
−	~~Sandra, Wong, Julia Carrie, Hunt, Elle, “The Women Abandoned to~~
−	~~their Online Abusers”, accessed May 19<sup>th</sup>, 2016,~~
−	~~<nowiki>https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/apr/11/women-online-abuse-threat-racist</nowiki>~~
−
−	~~3http://www.wired.com/2014/10/content-moderation/~~
−
−	~~4https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/oct/07/jennifer-lawrence-nude-photo-hack-sex-crime~~
−
−	~~5http://www.theverge.com/2014/11/12/7188549/does-twitter-have-a-secret-weapon-for-silencing-trolls~~
−
−	~~6http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/12/02/twitter-improves-tools-for-users-to-report-harassment/?_r=0~~
−
−	~~7https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jul/20/milo-yiannopoulos-nero-permanently-banned-twitter~~
−
−	~~8https://www.facebook.com/help/131671940241729~~
−
−	~~9http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/facebook-testing-tool-fight-impersonation-1551379~~
−
−	~~10https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/10/ellen-pao-reddit-interim-ceo-resigns~~
−
−	~~11http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/07/technology/reddit-steps-up-anti-harassment-measures-with-new-blocking-tool.html~~
−
−	~~12https://medium.com/@jilliancyork/harassment-hurts-us-all-so-does-censorship-6e1babd61a9b#.tosss89pm~~
−
−	~~13https://arxiv.org/abs/1505.03359~~
−
−	~~14https://motherboard.vice.com/read/trolling-the-trolls-with-sexism-hunting-twitter-bots~~
−
−	~~15http://james.grimmelmann.net/files/articles/virtues-of-moderation.pdf~~
−
−	~~16http://www.wsj.com/articles/to-fight-trolls-periscope-puts-users-in-flash-juries-1464711622~~
−
−	~~17https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2441866~~
−
−	~~18http://www.cpeterson.org/2013/07/22/a-brief-guide-to-user-generated-censorship/~~
−
−	~~19https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=654&v=LiGP44mvNcs~~
−
	===Annex: Recommended Reads===		===Annex: Recommended Reads===
	A sample of readings that we recommend:		A sample of readings that we recommend:

@@ Line 380: / Line 380: @@
 ''Media Coverage''
-We view media as a significant source that has helped shape the conversation around online harassment and find it integral to our understanding of the field. Reports of celeberties, journalists and politicians being harassed has dominated the narrative in mainstream
+We view media as a significant source that has helped shape the conversation around online harassment and find it integral to our understanding of the field. Reports of celeberties, journalists and politicians being harassed has dominated the narrative in mainstream media, which has seen an increase in coverage since the harassment of
 media, which has seen an increase in coverage since the harassment of
 Carolina Perez in 2013 and the breaking of Gamergate in 2014. It is
 notable that we can find few coverage of women from the Global South,
@@ Line 399: / Line 398: @@
 the content being removed.
-In 2013 during the harassment of Carolina Perez, Twitter implemented
+In 2013 during the harassment of Carolina Perez, Twitter implemented its first anti-harassment feature with their anti-abuse report
 its first anti-harassment feature with their anti-abuse report
 button<ref>http://www.theverge.com/2014/11/12/7188549/does-twitter-have-a-secret-weapon-for-silencing-trolls</ref>.
 Over the years these features evolved to allow users to block
@@ Line 412: / Line 410: @@
 platform, including allowing administrators to block certain content
 based on blacklisted words<ref>https://www.facebook.com/help/131671940241729 </ref>. Facebook also recently developed a feature that would send an account
-holder notifications if they suspect that a person is being
+holder notifications if they suspect that a person is being impersonated online<ref>http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/facebook-testing-tool-fight-impersonation-1551379 </ref>. Facebook is the first platform to develop such a feature even though online impersonations have long plagued women, especially when dealing with abusive former lovers.
 impersonated online<ref>http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/facebook-testing-tool-fight-impersonation-1551379 </ref>. Facebook is the first platform to develop such a feature even though online impersonations have long plagued women, especially when dealing with abusive former lovers.
@@ Line 428: / Line 425: @@
 Twitter, Facebook and Reddit are but a few of the companies that are
-combatting harassment predominatetly by restricting content and
+combatting harassment predominately by restricting content and users, an action that has been welcomed by many. On the other hand,
 users, an action that has been welcomed by many. On the other hand,
 Jillian C. York argues that blocking content or users does not solve
-the underlying problems of harassment<sup>12</sup>.
+the underlying problems of harassment<ref>https://medium.com/@jilliancyork/harassment-hurts-us-all-so-does-censorship-6e1babd61a9b#.tosss89pm </ref>. Referring to blocking as censorship, can lead to overreaching, where
-Referring to blocking as censorship, can lead to overreaching, where
+“efforts to censor hate speech, or obscenity, or pornography, are far too often overreaching, creating a chilling effect on other, more
 “efforts to censor hate speech, or obscenity, or pornography, are
 far too often overreaching, creating a chilling effect on other, more
 innocuous speech.” Her solution to the problem of harassment and
 hate speech is more speech. With this argument in mind, it would be
@@ Line 449: / Line 443: @@
 * 	Blocking: There have been a number of methods and platform features 	that have resorted to blocking both content and abusive users. This 	is one of the most commonly used solutions to combat harassment.
-	* 	Blocking: There have been a number of methods and platform features 	that have resorted to blocking both content and abusive users. This 	is one of the most commonly used solutions to combat harassment.
+* 	Reporting and Filtering: The majority of platforms over the past few 	years have enabled reporting and filtering features for people to 	report online harassment and hate speech. The existing reporting and flagging systems vary from platform to platform, there are 	continuous attempts to ease the process of flagging content by the 	user. However, ultimately the process is not without flaws and in 	many situations flagged content is not always removed<ref>https://arxiv.org/abs/1505.03359
-	* 	Reporting and Filtering: The majority of platforms over the past few 	years have enabled reporting and filtering features for people to 	report online harassment and hate speech. The existing reporting and 	flagging systems vary from platform to platform, there are 	continuous attempts to ease the process of flagging content by the 	user. However, ultimately the process is not without flaws and in 	many situations flagged content is not always removed<sup>13</sup>.
+</ref>.
-	* 	Bots: Zero Tolerance is 	one prominent example of using online bots 	to 'troll the trolls' on Twitter.  The program detects Twitter 	accounts that use hateful and sexist words, that information is then 	passed on to 150 bots that tweet at the account user sending them 	life coaching messages<sup>14</sup>. 	Others have developed bots to help women block unwanted users from 	contacting them. Ultimately, bots offer more of an immediate 	solution rather than a long lasting one.
+* 	Bots: Zero Tolerance is  one prominent example of using online bots 	to 'troll the trolls' on Twitter.  The program detects Twitter 	accounts that use hateful and sexist words, that information is then 	passed on to 150 bots that tweet at the account user sending them  life coaching messages<ref>https://motherboard.vice.com/read/trolling-the-trolls-with-sexism-hunting-twitter-bots </ref>. Others have developed bots to help women block unwanted users from contacting them. Ultimately, bots offer more of an immediate  solution rather than a long lasting one.
-	* 	Moderation: There can be a number of mechanisms that are used to 	moderate content or users online<sup>15</sup>. 	There is exclusion, pricing, organizing, and norm-setting. These 	mechanisms include both automated moderation and manual moderation 	such as distributed moderation. The distributed or voting moderation 	is a feature used on Reddit and more recently on Periscope<sup>16</sup>. 	Although there are known risks to distributed moderation, 	particularly when people organize around votes (ie trolls) or when 	there are not enough votes<sup>1718</sup>.
+* 	Moderation: There can be a number of mechanisms that are used to  moderate content or users online<ref>http://james.grimmelmann.net/files/articles/virtues-of-moderation.pdf </ref>.  There is exclusion, pricing, organizing, and norm-setting. These  mechanisms include both automated moderation and manual moderation such as distributed moderation. The distributed or voting moderation is a feature used on Reddit and more recently on Periscope<ref>http://www.wsj.com/articles/to-fight-trolls-periscope-puts-users-in-flash-juries-1464711622 </ref>.  Although there are known risks to distributed moderation, 	particularly when people organize around votes (ie trolls) or when 	there are not enough votes<ref>https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2441866 </ref><ref>http://www.cpeterson.org/2013/07/22/a-brief-guide-to-user-generated-censorship/ </ref>.
-	* 	Projects and Initiatives: As detailed in the Reclaiming the Online 	Space, there are a number of initiatives and projects that were 	started in reaction to women being harassed. These initiatives have 	emerged to raise awareness about the issues in this field, from a 	legal perspective, or developing guides and documenting the 	harassment. The more of these iniatives are established the more 	awareness is raised that help navigate the field.
+* 	Projects and Initiatives: As detailed in the Reclaiming the Online 	Space, there are a number of initiatives and projects that were 	started in reaction to women being harassed. These initiatives have 	emerged to raise awareness about the issues in this field, from a 	legal perspective, or developing guides and documenting the 	harassment. The more of these initiatives are established the more 	awareness is raised that help navigate the field.
-	* 	Community and support networks : There is very little written about 	how the community can help support women who are facing online abuse 	and misogyny, although talking to activists this may be one of the 	most important tactic that supports women to fight back and not 	disengage from cyberspace<sup>19</sup>.
+* 	Community and support networks : There is very little written about 	how the community can help support women who are facing online abuse 	and misogyny, although talking to activists this may be one of the 	most important tactic that supports women to fight back and not 	disengage from cyberspace<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=654&v=LiGP44mvNcs </ref>.

@@ Line 56: / Line 56: @@
 ==== About the Atlas ====
-The Atlas is divided into four different sections. The first section highlights case studies and stories of women whom have faced online harassment.
+The Atlas is divided into four sections. The first section highlights case studies and stories of women whom have faced online harassment and misogyny, in a table the reader will find 35 case studies with details about the stories
 === Tales of Online Misogyny ===