Propaganda - Revision history

Lilith2: /* Documentaries */

2015-06-09T19:22:09Z

‎Documentaries

Lilith2: /* False Dilemma */

2015-06-09T06:18:53Z

‎False Dilemma

Lilith2: /* (Counter) moves */

2015-06-08T18:04:47Z

‎(Counter) moves

Lilith2 at 17:54, 8 June 2015

2015-06-08T17:54:18Z

Lilith2 at 17:51, 8 June 2015

2015-06-08T17:51:16Z

Lilith2: /* Education for immunisation */

2015-06-08T10:13:36Z

‎Education for immunisation

Lilith2 at 10:10, 8 June 2015

2015-06-08T10:10:22Z

Lilith2: /* Countermoves */

2015-06-08T10:06:56Z

‎Countermoves

Lilith2: /* Related */

2015-06-08T09:55:42Z

‎Related

Lilith2: /* Banning of golden dawn */

2015-06-02T20:35:03Z

‎Banning of golden dawn

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 === Documentaries ===
 * The "Red Herring" and "Straw Man" Fallacy (difference) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exdK7Lirngg
 == Related ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:18, 9 June 2015
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	<strong>Tip:</strong> Be conscious of how many times you are presented with false dilemmas, and how many times you present yourself with false dilemmas.		<strong>Tip:</strong> Be conscious of how many times you are presented with false dilemmas, and how many times you present yourself with false dilemmas.
		+
		+	=== Slippery Slope ===
		+	The 'slippery slope' (alias 'Argument of the Beard' and 'Fallacy of the Beard'). There are two types of fallacy referred to as 'slippery slopes': 'Non Causa Pro Causa' and 'Vagueness':
		+
		+	'''Logical form Non Causa Pro Causa''':
		+
		+	If A happens, then by a gradual series of small steps through B, C,…, X, Y, eventually Z will happen, too.
		+	Z should not happen.
		+	Therefore, A should not happen, either.
		+
		+	'''Explanation''': This type of argument is by no means invariably fallacious, but the strength of the argument is inversely proportional to the number of steps between <strong>A</strong> and <strong>Z</strong>, and directly proportional to the causal strength of the connections between adjacent steps. If there are many intervening steps, and the causal connections between them are weak, or even unknown, then the resulting argument will be very weak, if not downright fallacious.
		+
		+	'''Logical form Vagueness''':
		+
		+	A differs from Z by a continuum of insignificant changes, and there is no non-arbitrary place at which a sharp line between the two can be drawn.
		+	Therefore, there is really no difference between A and Z.
		+
		+	A differs from Z by a continuum of insignificant changes with no non-arbitrary line between the two.
		+	Therefore, A doesn't exist.
		+
		+	'''Explanation''': Though these two fallacies, Non Causa Pro Causa and Vagueness, are distinct, and the fact that they share a name is unfortunate, they often have a relationship which may justify treating them together: semantic slippery slopes often form a basis for causal slippery slopes. In other words, people often think that a causal slide from <strong>A</strong> to <strong>Z</strong> is unavoidable because there is no precise, non-arbitrary dividing line between the two concepts. For example, opponents of abortion often believe that the legality of abortion will lead causally to the legality of infanticide, and one reason for this belief is that the only precise dividing line between an embryo and a newborn baby is the morally arbitrary one of birth. For this reason, causal slippery slopes are often the result of semantic ones.
		+
		+	For an example see below in Examples of critical thinking.

	== Sleeper effect ==		== Sleeper effect ==

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 === Detecting deceptive propaganda ===
 Detecting deceptive propaganda is easy using critical thinking and reasoning skills:
 * Learn the fallacies, memorise the fallacies, recognise the fallacies.
 * When presented with an argument, locate the claim and the evidence that supports it, trace the source and assess credibility of the data presented.
 * Look for signs of the obvious fallacies (see above).
 * Work to understand why the arguer feels the evidence warrants the claim and apply analysis.
 === Use controlled folly ===

@@ Line 146: / Line 146: @@
 * Look for signs of the obvious fallacies (see above).
 * Work to understand why the arguer feels the evidence warrants the claim and apply analysis.
 === Use controlled folly ===
@@ Line 156: / Line 158: @@
 == Examples of critical thinking ==
 === Banning of golden dawn ===

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:51, 8 June 2015
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	== Examples of critical thinking ==		== Examples of critical thinking ==
		+
		+	[[File:Government-declassify-everything.jpg\|320px\|thumb\|right]]

	=== Banning of golden dawn ===		=== Banning of golden dawn ===

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 You can try humour. Humour is the art of the incongruous. Seeing, hearing or reading something that conflicts with preconceptions is already incongruous, and the "normal" reaction seems to be to reject the new information. Humour provides a way for new information to get into the brain, where it may be considered. ''Also, note that authorities can not easily deal with not being taken serious.''
-=== Education for immunisation ===
+=== Educate for immunisation ===
 Educating people to think critically for at least some partial immunisation can be an excellent counter-strategy against the current mess we seem to be in, but I haven't encountered it (or found it planned) on an institutional scale in educational services (yet).

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:10, 8 June 2015
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	=== Documentaries ===		=== Documentaries ===
−	* The War You Don't See https://vimeo.com/67739294
	* The "Red Herring" and "Straw Man" Fallacy (difference) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exdK7Lirngg		* The "Red Herring" and "Straw Man" Fallacy (difference) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exdK7Lirngg

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 Relatively recently there has been much talk (and research) of the 'sleeper effect'. The impact of a persuasive message will generally tend to decrease over time.  A sleeper effect takes place in a situation when <em>effects of a persuasive message are stronger when more time passes</em>.
-== Countermoves ==
+== (Counter) moves ==
-Detecting deceptive propaganda is easy. You can use critical thinking and reasoning skills:
 * Learn the fallacies, memorise the fallacies, recognise the fallacies.
 * When presented with an argument, locate the claim and the evidence that supports it, trace the source and assess credibility of the data presented.
 * Look for signs of the obvious fallacies (see above).
 * Work to understand why the arguer feels the evidence warrants the claim and apply analysis.
-Know that it is next to impossible to convince anybody with reason. Everyone with strong ideologies, and that means the overwhelming majority of people, only wants to see, hear and read what they already believe.
 You can try humour. Humour is the art of the incongruous. Seeing, hearing or reading something that conflicts with preconceptions is already incongruous, and the "normal" reaction seems to be to reject the new information. Humour provides a way for new information to get into the brain, where it may be considered. ''Also, note that authorities can not easily deal with not being taken serious.''
 Educating people to think critically for at least some partial immunisation can be an excellent counter-strategy against the current mess we seem to be in, but I haven't encountered it (or found it planned) on an institutional scale in educational services (yet).
-=== Examples ===
+== Examples of critical thinking ==
-==== Banning of golden dawn ====
+=== Banning of golden dawn ===
 In September of 2013 there was talk of banning Golden Dawn <ref>Calls to ban Greek far-right party after murder of anti-fascist rapper http://rt.com/news/greek-rapper-funeral-tension-074/
-</ref> (See [[Timeline of an anonymous journey]]).
+</ref> (See [[timeline merchants of death]]).
 This target could not have been chosen better if authorities wanted to introduce people to banning and proactive arrests becoming "normal" in Greece (and Europe). According to Donald Black in "The Behavior of Law", our use of the law (and also what we find acceptable in law keeping) is governed by three qualifications:
@@ Line 194: / Line 199: @@
 * [[Covert operations]]
 * [[Psychological warfare]]
 == References ==

@@ Line 167: / Line 167: @@
 Writing that does not mean I think Golden Dawn members and affiliated are free to do as they please! These are indeed out-of-control-thugs. How about making clear actions like bullying or coercing others into submission to ones ideas, and actions like murder, are not acceptable, <strong>not by anyone</strong> and give perpetrators sentences fitting the crime per case.
-== Related ==
+== Resources ==
-* [[Covert operations]]
-* [[Psychological warfare]]
-== News and watchdogs ==
+=== News and watchdogs ===
 * FAIR http://fair.org/
 * PR Watch http://www.prwatch.org/
@@ Line 178: / Line 176: @@
 * Fallacy Files http://www.fallacyfiles.org/
-== Books ==
+=== Books ===
+'''Fallacies'''
-=== Fallacies ===
 * How to Detect Propaganda (pdf) - Adapted from: The Institute for Propaganda Analysis, 1937 http://www.mindivogel.com/uploads/1/1/3/9/11394148/how_to_detect_propaganda.pdf
 * Love is a Fallacy (pdf) - story by by Max Shulman p.10 https://www.dartmouth.edu/~aporia/spring08.pdf
 * Propaganda and debating techniques http://www.orange-papers.org/orange-propaganda.html
 * Logically Fallacious http://www.logicallyfallacious.com/index.php/logical-fallacies
+'''Sleeper Effect'''
-=== Sleeper Effect ===
 * The Influence of Speaker Credibility on Information Recall (pdf) - Michael E. Corrie http://www.uwlax.edu/urc/JUR-online/PDF/2003/corrie.pdf
 * Detecting and Explaining the Sleeper Effect (pdf) - Darlene B. Hannah & Brian Sternthal http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.455.3259&rep=rep1&type=pdf
 * The Sleeper Effect in Persuasion: A Meta-Analytic Review (pdf) - Tarcan Kumkale and Dolores Albarracın http://home.ku.edu.tr/~tkumkale/sleeper.pdf
-== Documentaries ==
+=== Documentaries ===
 * The War You Don't See https://vimeo.com/67739294
 * The "Red Herring" and "Straw Man" Fallacy (difference) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exdK7Lirngg
 == References ==

@@ Line 59: / Line 59: @@
 Transfer is also used by infiltrants where they associate with other people or groups that already have high trust and credibility (more on that in [[Psychological warfare]]).
-== Examples of logical analysis ==
+== Logical analysis ==
 The following are examples of common fallacies with a logical analysis of argument <ref>Logically Fallacious http://www.logicallyfallacious.com/index.php/logical-fallacies</ref>.
@@ Line 154: / Line 154: @@
 ==== Banning of golden dawn ====
 In September of 2013 there was talk of banning Golden Dawn <ref>Calls to ban Greek far-right party after murder of anti-fascist rapper http://rt.com/news/greek-rapper-funeral-tension-074/
-</ref>. See Timeline of an anonymous journey
+</ref> (See [[Timeline of an anonymous journey]]).
 This target could not have been chosen better if authorities wanted to introduce people to banning and proactive arrests becoming "normal" in Greece (and Europe). According to Donald Black in "The Behavior of Law", our use of the law (and also what we find acceptable in law keeping) is governed by three qualifications: